Stages of Design in Construction
Design services can be classified into various parts as follows:
1. Conceptual Design/Drawings – Developed by architect/design consultants after collecting high level requirements from client in line with the business case of building type.
2. Submission Drawings – Developed by local planning authority registered Architects or Civil Engineers for blueprint approvals and sanctions indicating the site layout, access route, floor plans with setbacks, physical features, sections, front elevations, rain water harvesting details etc.
3. Tender Drawings – Further developed from conceptual drawings to provide contractors during the tendering phase so that they can estimate cost and completion timelines for bidding, also easing the project management and planning.
4. Architectural Drawings – Drawings focusing on the design and functionality of the building which includes the floor plans, sections, elevations, 3D views, 3D renderings etc.
5. Structural Drawings – Drawings focusing on the strength and stability of the buildings framework which includes the sub and super structure
6. MEP Drawings – Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing systems are designed based on the client needs and to meet the local bye law requirements adhering to safety, functionality and compliance indicating the routing and material with necessary line diagrams for the services including the HVAC system, Fire Prevention and Suppression system, Penetration drawings etc.
7. Detailed Drawings/Good for Construction Drawings (GFCs) – Issued for construction after the project is awarded to execute the work at site
8. Shop Drawings/Fabrication Drawings – Retail drawings prepared by specialized vendors or subcontractors (facade, structural steel work, HVAC etc.) in line with client’s design intent and submitted for approval by client. These drawings are reviewed by client/consultants and then approved for construction
9. As-Built Drawings – Once the work is executed As-built drawings are prepared by contractors as per actual site conditions and submitted to client for operation and maintenance purpose
10. Interior Drawings – These design solution drawings offer a detailed inner space layout, furniture placement, floor, walls, ceiling and lighting details, colour themes and schemes with necessary cross sections to bring in style and aesthetics.
11. Remodelling/Renovation Drawings – Drawings are prepared to reshape and restructure an entire room or the building indicating the present and future views. Renovation is refreshing the area with new finishes and fixtures whereas remodelling involves demolition, knock off or removal and rebuilding or rearranging in a different way.
12. Green Design – Design incorporating environment friendly processes to attain a self-sustainable building incorporating varied green building concepts.
